Attar kidaan banaiyay

Ik litre gulab day attar da mull  8  lakh rupiayay? (6000 euros)

3000 kilo gulab diyan putiyan kinay diyan?

Atar kehri zuban da akhar ah eh taan pata nehn pehr jidoon vee atar da naa lawo tay lag da ah ehda musalmanan day naal jore ah farsi sufi vee hoay ah jehna da naa Ataar see. Oh khusbu yaan jari botiyan da karobar ker day see Es wastay ohna nu ataar kehnday see. Hajay vee jehray lok aidan da karobar kerday ah ohna nu hajay vee farsi tay arabi ch “attaraa” khenday ah.

Atar banaunay da ik wari jawaid phai nay puchya tay main ohna kolon puchya keh eh Karachi ch ban da ah. Ohna nay dasya keh koi atar banaunda ah . Oh pholaan nu paani ch buht pakaunda ah tay akhar tay ohnu atar mil jaanda ah. Eh es taran eh luga jindan tuseen karai ch dudh paa kay kahr day rahwo tay oh akhar tay khoa ban jaanda jehnu khoa marna kehnday see.

Gulab da attar kiddan lubya?

damask rose (rosa damascene trigunti petala) ah

Waday lokaan day kum vee waday tay badshah howay tay pata nehn kinnay kay waday. Eh ohna waday lokaan dee gal ah jehray jithay badshahi kerday rehay authay day lokaan dee aksriyat nu hajay tak peenay wala saaf paani nehn milda. Ik buht ee prem alli gull ah keh badshah jahangir nay apna wiyah Noor jehan naal manaunay wastay  hokum ditta keh shahi bagh day khalay  tay fowaray araq gulab naal pehr dittay jaan. Ik din badshah tay noor jahan bagh ch ik khalay day bunnay tay baithay see. Noor jahan khalay ch (araq Gulab) ch ungli phair rehi see tay ohdi ungli nu tail (oil) dee taran khushbo lug ghai.. Adoon toon badshah nay attar bnauna shroh ker ditta tay noor jahan nu bottle ch paa kay ditta jaanda see. Eh taan pata nehn eh kahani sahi ah yaan nehn perh ik hor thaan perhya see keh noor jahan jahangir nu araq day gulab naal nahaundi see. Eh aus waylay dee gal ah jidoon saday lok bahr kum wastay nehn janday see balkay sara jahan saday allaqay ch kum yaan karobar kern aunda see. Ehda matlab eh ah keh eh allaqa audoon buht taraqi tay see. Main chungi gal ah apni asal gal al  ah jawan.

Gulab day waday thaan

Duniyan ch ais wailay  char allaqay ah jethay araq gulab tay gulab da tail banaya jaanda. i) Kazanlak bulgaria jehnu  “The valley of Roses” kehnday ah, ii) Isparta Turkey, iii) Shiraz Iran,  tay iv) Grasse France.

Her allaqay day banay hoay araq tay tail dee apni khasiat ah. Ehnu es tarran samaj lawo jais tarran her allaqay dee wine da apna suad ah. Ehdi ik wajah aina allaqian da mausam vee ho suk da ah. Jehra ais wastay gulab agaya janda ohdi nasal damask rose (rosa damascene trigunti petala) ah.Eh oh gulab dee nasal ah jehra pranay faristan (Iran)

ch agaya jaanda see. Ehnu aseen Punjabi ch desi gulab kehnday aan jehda rung gulabi hunda ah tay ehton gulkand bee banaya jaanda ah.

Main eh vee das dawaan tay chungi gal ah keh Kazanlak Bulgaria ch her saal gulab daa mella lag da ah. Eh ais taran ah jidan kisay zamanay ch saday Punjab ch bahar (spring season) da mausam shroh hoon tay khushi manai jandi see. Eh gulab day melay ch kuriyan jehna nay high school pass kerna hund ah,ban than kay surkhi powder laa ka aundiyan aan. Ehna kuriyaan chon ik gulab dee rani chuni jaandi ah jehnu “Rose Queen” kehnday ah. Eh malay ch rose queen nu taj paya jaanda . Ais melay ch ee ik dance kitta jaanda ah jehnu “kukeri”dance kehya janda. Menu pehlon jidoon pata lugaa tay main eh samajia keh eh ho sukda kukerian da koi dance howay pehr kukeriyan nehn banday ker day ah.

Attar banaunay da rawaj kai mulkaan ch ah pehr jehri technique naal banauna shroh kitta ghia see oh hajay tak audaan ee ah jidaan shroh hoya see. Khas ker muslim mulkan ch. Saday Punjab yaan Pakistan ch tay ais baray ch kisay nay souchya nehn tay oh aisiyan cheezan ee beej day rehay jehriyan oh kahr ch khanday see. Ohdi ik wajah eh vee ah keh jidoon khaiti bari chulli audoon eh hunda see apnay kahr wastay sabzian phul tay khan diyaan faslaan agaun day see. Iran day (dahqan) kissan saday punjabiyaan nalon kuch agay see tay ohna nay phulaan toon araq banauna shroh kitta. Sadday Punjab ch ve kai lok phul agaun day see pehr saday lokaan nay eh phulan dee supply  darbaran tay wiayahman tak rakhi. Eh Irani dahqan jehray araq banauday see ohna nu kuch atar vee mil jaanda see.Eh araq dee supply oh arab mulkan tay Europe day mulkaan nu kerday see. Iran toon araq technology turkey gai audoon iran da  hissa hunda see. Iran toon eh technology  17^th century AD ch kazanlak (Bulgaria) ch gai.

Bulgars nay daikhya keh araq banaunay naloon atar banauna chunga faiday aala kum ah tay es wastay ohna nay araq nu banauna chud kay atar banauna shroh ker ditta. araq banaunay dee technique Jidoon kazalak ghai tay araq banaya jaanda see tay araq day autay jehri oil dee taih hundi see oh katha kitta  jaanda see jehnu attar day tor tay baichiya jaanda see. Eh attar dee aini khushboo nehn hundi see jehday ch carbonic constituents yan paraffin ve hunda see jehnu ‘stearoptene’ kehnday see. Eh attar room temperature tay jum (freez) janda see. Gulab day tail (rose oil) day liquid hisay nu ‘eleoptene kehnday ah jehra 80%  rose oil ch hunda. Ohna wailiyan ch  thora jehya rose oil ban da see ohnu hun ‘direct (raw) rose oil’ kehnday ah. Jehri technique audoon warti jaandi see oh araq banaunay wastay see.

Bulgarians dee qismat chungi see keh aus waylay western Europe ch rose oil dee maang wadh gai. Rose oil audoon Europe ch buht mehnga wick da see tay araq jehra kazanlak ch ban da see oh arab mulkaan nu export hunda see.

Audoon kazanlak day kisana nu patta laga keh aisa nawaan gulab jehday ch tail huway beejan naal ohna nu buht faida hu sakda ah jehnu process ker kay ohna nu rose oil milay bajaiay araq day tay tail nu Europe ch baichya jaway.

Attar kahdnay da Equipment

Kazanlak day kisana (Farmers) nay distillation day nawain gur test kernay shroh kittay  akhar ohna nu ik gur aidaan da labh ghia jehday ch buhta oil banda see tay araq buht kaht by product day tor tay 3 toon 5 liters /ton phulaan choon. Ais gur naal banaya hoya atar buht chunga, wadhiya see tay European markets ch buht passand kitta ghia.

Main agay wadhan toon pehlay ik gal das dawaan tay chungi gal ah jehday naal tuwanu sara atar banaunay da gur samajna saukha ho jau gha. Eh jidaan pindan ch shrab kehdan diyan pathyaan hundiyan see aidan atar banau day ah pehr aiday ch sarah nehn paya jaanda. Fresh gulab nu pakaya jaanda. distillation copper day bannay hoay tay qali (tined) kitay hoay pahanday (vessels, alembics)  ch kitti jaandi ah..Eh pahnda takuna jehya jehra lago pahg 80-120 liters da hunda ah. Eh takonay pahnday day do (2) handle hunday tay thalyun 80 cm (qutar) tay autoon 22-22 cm qutar (diameter) da hunda ah. Jehri Alembic dee type kazanlak ch warti jaandi ah oh Irani alembics naloon design ch autlay pasyoun  (head) wakhri ah. Irani alembics ser (head) aloon hat-like shape da pehr  jehra alembic kazanlak ch wartiya janda oh khumb (mashroom) dee taran dee shakal ah tay northern Africa day alembics naal milda julda ah.

Khumb (Mashroom) wali shape day ser (head) ch eh pahff nu thanda kitta jaanda tay  eh lais (phlegm) nu alembic ch wapas paijanch madad ker dee ah jehday naal rose oil kahdna saukha ho jaanda. Eh vapours nu ik khas unit ch thunda kitta jaanda. Eh unit lukri dee balti wang da hunda jehday ch paani paa kay thunda kitta jaanda. Ik patli tube 45 degree day zawiyay tay lai jaandi jehri head toon receiver tak jandi ah eh lukri dee balti chon lahng kay. Ais tube ch vapours nu thunda kitta jaanda. Eh equipment banaun walyan nay ehda  cooling unit chunga kernay wastay 3-5 tubes laa dittiyan.

Bulgarian cooling unit

Irani type day alembic ch koi special cooling unit nehn ah tay  cooling hawa (Air) day naal mori hoi tube ch kitti jaandi ah. Eh tube head toon receiver  can (doll ) tak jandi ah jehra paani ch dobiya hunda ah. Jes taran cooling kazanlak ch kitti jaandi ah oh rose oil kahdnay wastay chungi ah bajaiay araq day.

Irani system

Bulgarian system

Bulgarian system photo

Her distillation da poor  10-12 kg gulab diyan putiyan tay 40-60 liters paani da hunda ah. Eh paani tay residual liquid vee ho suck da yaan residual liquid.. Eh paani tay residual liquid kuppi day naal paya janda ah. Eh mixture nu halaun day rehy da ah. Jehra paani yaan residual liquid paya janda ohda tanasab 4:1 yaan 5:1 da hunda ah. Eh samaj lawo her kilogram putiyan wastay 4-5 liters liquid paya jaanda. Ehday  dhakan (head) nu band ker ditta janda.Eh alembic nu muthi aag tay rakh ditta jaanda . head dee tube nu cooling unit dee tube naal jor ditta jaanda. Jithay tube jori jaandi ah ohnu chikni mitti naal lip ditta jaand tah keh eh leak naa howay. Kai lok ehtay putty (reinforced with bandage) ker dainday ah. Kazanlak day lokaan da khiyal ah keh koprinka pind dee mitti es wastay chungi ah. Es wastay sari rose valley day lok es pind toon mitti (clay) lain aunday ah.  Jidoon pehli sarahi jehnu “bash” kehnday  (5-7 liters) ah pehr (full) ho jaandi ah tay dosri sarahi rakh ditti jaandi ah jehnu “Ayak” (5-7 liters)  kehnday ah rakh ditti jaandi ah. Eh gulab diyan putiyan tay paani da ratio 1:4 tay 1:5 hajjay tak kitta modern distillation ch wartiya jaanda.

Jidoon “ayak” pehr (full) janda tay distillation puri ho jaandi ah. 10-14 liters distillate 1.5-2 ghantay ch katha ho jaanda. Jinyan gulab diyan putiyan paiyan tay jina distillate milya ohdi ratio (tanasab)1:0.85 -1:1.20 hundi see. Aj kal tay Hun eh tanasab (ratio) 1:1.3 ah.

Distillation mathi aag tay kitti jaandi ah jehday buhta time lugda . Arak banaunay wastay aag taiz hundi ah.. Eh vapours liquid ban kay receiving  (sarahi) bottle ch jaanday ah jehnu “surier” kehnday ah ( eh surier nu tuseen glass dee sarahi keh sakday au.) Ehday chon tail nu luppy naal nataariya janda.

Distillate collecting surahiyaan

Tay oil natarnay wali kuppi

Tail nu ik chamchay dee taran dee luppy jehda lumba handle hunda naal natariya janda. Jehra aidan distillate milda ohnu hor distillat ch paa kay phair redistilled kitta janda. Eh multiple distillation  dee technology ch gulab da tail buhta tay chunga milda ah. Eh technology Bulgaria ch buht pehlay sharab banaunay wastay warti jaandi see tay ehda naal ee authay da national drink “Rakia” banaya jaanda ah. Eh drink buht ee sukht hunda ah ohdi ik wajah eh ah keh ehday ch alcohol content buht hunda. Eh multi distillation dee technology Bulgarians dee ah. Eh sach ah yaan choth pehr eh technology russi, polish tay greek sharab ch vee warti jaandi ah. Ho suckda Bulgarians nay ehday naal gulab da tail kahdna shroh kitta howay.

Bulgarians nay buht koshish kitti ik sahi equipment banaunay wastay tay ohday hasab naal ehday ch badli vee kitti jehda ohna nu phul (fruit) mill ghia. Austan 3000 Kg gulab diyan puttiyan chon 1kg gulab da tail (rose oil) ban da.

Jidaan ee rose oil ban jaanda oh market ch ah jaanda. Sab toon pehlay eh rose oil custuntunia (Constantinople present day Istanbol) ch jaa kay bik da see tay export hunda see. Aus waylay buhtay karobari lok arab hunday see jehray gulab day araq nu khreedna pasand ker day see tay arab mulkaan ch pahaij day see. Jehray western Europe day karobari lok see ohna nay rose oil dee demand kerni shroh ker ditti

Bulgarian rose oil processing

Holi holi Bulgarian karobari lokaan nay rose oil nu aap baichna shroh ker ditta. Ehna nay Europe ch nawaiyaan markets labhniyan shroh ker dittiyan. Ehday naal ee kazanlak rose oil dee trading da markaz ban ghia ethay packing ho kay bahr jaan lug pia.

Jidoon rose oil khredia yaan baichiya janda see ohdi khusbo day lehaz nal ohda mull lug da see. merchants nay ehdi test kerwana shroh ker ditta. Ehday frrezing point day hasab naal. Eh “Reaumer scale” tay ehda freezing point check kitt jaanda ah. Eh freezing point nu “deredje” kehya jaanda see tay ehday hasab naal sauday bazi hundi see. Jinay buhtay deredje (degrees) hunday see auna mull hunda see.

Eh tay see puran wailiyan ch mull launay da gur pehr hun ehday mahraan da kehna ah keh oh rose oil chunga hunda ah jehda freezing point kaht huway. Ohdi wajah eh das day ah keh kaht freezing point walay rose oil ch  content of stearoptene kaht ah tay percentage of the fragrance-bearing alcohols is higher.

References and for further readings

Gudin S: Rose: genetics and breeding.

Plant Breed Rev 2000, 17:159-189. 

Horn WAH: Micropropagation of rose. In Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry.Volume 4. Edited by Bajaj YPS. Springer-Verlag, Berlin; 1992:320-324.

Beales P, Cairns T, Duncan W, Fagan G, Grant W, Grapes K, Harkness P, Hughes K, Mattock J, Ruston D, Sutherland P, Williams T: Botanica's roses. The encyclopedia of roses.Random House, Australia; 1998.